Totally Chlorine Free. Paper pulp that is bleached without using chlorine in any form, thus giving an AOX level of zero. The alternative bleaching agents used might be liquid oxygen, hydrogen peroxide or sodium hydroxide.
Tear Strength
Force parallel to the plane of the specimen required to produce failure in a specimen of given width and length under specified conditions of loading.
Tearing Strength Test
Strength test of paper designed to show how much force the paper will stand before it tears.
Tensile Strength
The ability of a sheet to withstand tension. Paper possesses greater tensile strength in its grain direction.
Terms of sale
The agreement between participants as to the conditions of a sale.
Text Papers
High-quality book papers, manufactured in a wide variety of designer finishes and colours. Many mills feature matching cover grade papers.
Therimage
High speed transfer system developed by Avery/Dennison for decorating bottles and closures. (see thermal image).
Thermal Coefficient of Expansion
Expression of expansion in relation to thermal energy.
Thermal Conductivity
A measure of the rate of thermal energy through a material.
Thermal Image
High speed decorating system used primarily for bottles and closures.
Thermal Ink/Bubble Jet
A type of printing during which ink delivery is controlled by a heating element in the print head - as this heats up it boils the ink over the resistor forming a gas bubble (hence bubble-jet), which pushes ink out of the nozzle.
Thermo-Mechanical Pulp (TMP)
Pulp made by steaming wood chips prior to and during refining, producing a higher yield and stronger pulp than regular groundwood.
Thermoplastic
A soft and mouldable plastic when subjected to heat. Most plastics that are decorated are thermoplastics.
Thermoset Plastics
Highly resistant plastic that remains a solid during the forming process.
Thermosetting Ink
Inks which polymerise to a permanently solid and fusable state upon application of heat.
Thickness Caliper
Thickness of paper in milimetres, or thousandths of an inch.
Thixotropy
The property of a compound to liquify under vibration or shearing (by a squeegee).
Threshold
With reference to Chain of Custody systems, where the rolling average of certified fibre used in a product line meets a minimum percentage, then all of the production for that product line can be certified.
TIFF
Tag Image File Format. A type of file commonly used for transferring bitmapped, greyscale and full colour images between computer applications and/or platforms. These are uncompressed and therefore tend to be large files.
Titanium Dioxide
Pigment made from titanium ores, which is of minute particle size, has great opacifying and brightening properties when added to papermaking furnish.
Tone
The lightness or darkness of an image.
Toner
A dispersion of concentrated pigment or dye used to manufacture, strengthen or modify the colour of and ink.
Tooth
A characteristic of paper, a slightly rough finish, which permits it to take ink readily.
Topwire
An additional wire added to a conventional Fourdrinier papermaking machine, and is a fairly recent development. It makes a twin-wire machine, but with a difference, only one layer of fibre is produced. The top wire is positioned horizontally on the normal wire and the fibre wire is sandwiched between them. It may have either vacuum or foils to assist in the removal of water, which is its main purpose, and 40% of the total water can be removed. The advantages are that the paper produced is more even-sided and the machine speed can be increased.
Tracking
In and electrostatic printer a dirty roller can mark the print, leaving track like marks, sometimes called "tramlines". Also, in electrographic printing, this term refers to side-to-side movement of the media on the printer, caused by the tension in the printer string-up.
Translucency
Ability to transmit light without being transparent.
Transport
The manner in which paper travels through a printer.
Trapping of Inks
The property of a printing ink that makes it possible to superimpose one colour on another.
Turret
Where the application of the image occurs during a thermal image transfer.
Twin Wire Machine
Fourdrinier papermaking machines with two wires, instead of a wire and felt side. This assures higher quality when two sides are used for printing.
Two-Sidedness
The property denoting a difference in appearance and printability between its top (felt) and wire sides.
