Regulations that require larger users of packaging to recover and recycle a defined amount. Robert Horne complies through a third party scheme. The regulations also dictate the 'essential requirements' for packaging placed on the market, such as low heavy metals content and recoverability by recycling or incineration.
Paper Grades
Paper is classified into different grades according to the end use, the pulp used and the treatment of the paper.
Paper Profile
'Product declarations' produced by some paper manufacturers, which lists environmental information for their grades. See: www.paperprofile.com
Password
A secret alphabetic, numeric, or alphanumeric code when combined with a user name allows a user access to the site as a buyer, seller, or mill.
PCF
Process Chlorine Free. Term sometimes applied to the bleaching of recycled fibre, where TCF bleaching has been used but the pulp cannot be guaranteed to be totally free of chlorine because of bleaching methods previously used to produce virgin fibre.
PDF
Portable Document File. A cross platform format for moving documents between Apple Mac and PC.
PEFC
Programme for the Endorsement of Forest Certification. A scheme for auditing forestry operations, taking into account the effects on the environment. See: www.pefc.org
Phthalates
These are a group of chemicals added to plastics (such as PVC) as a plasticiser in order to make flexible grades. Pthalates are alleged to be hormone disruptors although this has not been conclusively proven.
Picking
Undesirable voids in the print caused when a portion of the preprinted image sticks to the bottom of another print screen on that image.
Piezo
A type of printing where ink delivery is controlled by a piezo crystal which flexes when an electrical charge is applied to it, this distortion can be varied with the charge, thereby regulating the amount of ink ejected. Print speed tends to be slow. Print head nozzles need to be kept clear as clogging disrupts image.
Pigment
The substances that impart colour (including black and white).
Pigmented Ink
Becoming more popular, this ink's pigment can be dispersed in oil/solvent or water, with a larger particle size than for dye inks. Output colours tend to be less vibrant but the result is more UV stable/lightfast. Dry times are fast and this ink is less coating dependent.
Piling
A build up of pigment or paper coatings onto the plate, blankets or rollers.
Pin Holes
1. Small holes in paper caused by fine particles of sand, etc. When paper is calendered, the particles are crushed and fall out leaving a hole. 2. Small holes in thin paper due to fibres being drawn through the mesh of the wire by excessive suction.
Pinholes
Undesirable tiny holes in the printed image that are sometimes only visible when backlit.
Pixel
A single picture element, the smallest unit of information in a scanner or monitor.
Pixelisation
When bitmapped type or graphics are scaled, individual pixels in a character are enlarged to the point where they become objectionable resulting in jaggies. Also referred to as aliasing.
Point
A measurement unit equal to 1/72 of an inch. 12 points to a pica, 72 points to an inch (Imperial).
Porosity
The property of paper that allows the permeation of air, an important factor in ink penetration. PPI - Pages per inch, a measure of bulk.
Post-consumer Waste
Waste that has reached the end user, typically homes and offices.
PostScript
A standard page description language for graphics and publishing.
Pot Life
The length of time during storage of an ink, emulsion, etc. in a specific container under normal conditions without changing chemically and affecting usefulness.
PPI
Pixels Per Inch. A measure of resolution.
Pre-consumer Waste
Waste that has left the mill but has not reached the end user. Typically trimmings and rejected material from printers, envelope converters etc.
Premium
Any paper that is considered better than #1 by its manufacturer.
Printer
Any individual or company that creates printed material by applying ink to paper using a printing press.
Printings
A term applied comprehensively to the many varieties of papers used for printing purposes.
Product specifications
The parameters of a product being purchased or inquired about.
Profile
A graph showing the variations in grammage moisture content or other property from point to point on paper web, either across or along the machine direction.
Pulp (chemical)
Pulp obtained through the elimination of a large proportion of non-cellulose matter through a chemical treatment (ex. through boiling).
Pulp (mechanical)
Pulp obtained from various raw materials, essentially from wood, entirely through mechanical means.
Pulp (semi-chemical)
Pulp obtained when eliminating the non-cellulose components from the raw material by means of a chemical treatment.
